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| | | PKWARE | | The file compression system | where SPEED and SMALL SPACES | make a BIG difference | | | | | PKZIP | PKUNZIP | PKSFX | PKZIPFIX | | | | PKZIP / PKUNZIP The following 12 files are included in PKWARE Version 1.01 PKZIP.EXE Main compression program. PKUNZIP.EXE Main extraction program. MAKESFX.COM Starts the process of creating self- extracting files ZIP2EXE.EXE Used in creating self-extracting files. README.DOC General Information. DEDICATE.DOC Dedication of file format and extension to the public domain. ORDER.DOC Registration information and order form. LICENSE.DOC Information on Site and Distribution Licenses. OMBDSMAN.ASP Association of Shareware Professionals info. MANUAL.DOC Reference manual for PKWARE File Compression Programs. APPNOTE.TXT Technical background material. PKZIPFIX.EXE Reconstructs corrupted ZIP files. PKWARE FEATURES The following features are available with PKWARE Version 1.0 (PKZIP/PKUNZIP/PKSFX) Compression Programs. 1. Improved Compression! PKZIP 1.0 implements a new compression algorithm called Imploding, which averages 5% to 15% better compression than the maximal compression (Reducing) of PKZIP 0.92. Imploding is also faster at compressing and extracting than Reducing was. 2. Password encryption. Sensitive data files can be scrambled with password protection. 3. Automatic detection and utilization of 80386 CPU's. PKZIP and PKUNZIP test for the presence of an 80386 CPU. If present, PKZIP and PKUNZIP will use the 80386's 32 bit instructions and extended addressing modes for improved performance. 4. Special file handling capabilities will automatically recurse through subdirectories and store pathnames within a ZIP file. These paths can then be created on extraction if they do not already exist. 5. Extra compression options allow you to specify the method of compression (Shrinking or Imploding) to be employed. PKWARE -2- 6. A file that has been created as a self-extracting file can be treated as a normal ZIP file. All PKZIP and PKUNZIP options (except -v View) will be valid. 7. Files contained in a ZIP file can be viewed in several different ways. For example, the can be sorted by: compression ratio, size, date, name, or extension. 8. A new option, -x, can be used to specify files to be excluded from any ZIP operation being performed. 9. Special file attributes (hidden, read-only, system) can be masked during creation or extraction of a ZIP file. PKZIP can also be configured to include or not include hidden and system files. 10. ANSI comments may be enabled/disabled. 11. Expanded Configuration file options are available. 12. Individual file comments (up to 60 characters in length) can be programmed for each file in the ZIP file. PKWARE -3- CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION TO FILE COMPRESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 A. File Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 B. Two Related Programs - PKZIP & PKUNZIP . . . . . . . 6 C. File Compression Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 D. Use of Hard and Floppy Disk Systems. . . . . . . . . 7 E. General Rules and Default Settings . . . . . . . . . 9 F. PKWARE System Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2. SUPER QUICK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 A. QUICK START - Extracting a File from a BBS . . . . . 12 B. Use of PKWARE in Telecommunications - BBS . . . . . 13 3. PKZIP - COMPRESS FILES INTO ZIP FILES . . . . . . . . . 15 A. QUICK START - Create a ZIP file. . . . . . . . . . . 16 B. PKZIP Reference Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 C. Description of Command Options . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4. PKUNZIP - EXTRACT ZIP FILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 A. QUICK START - Extract a ZIP File . . . . . . . . . . 37 B. PKUNZIP Reference Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 C. Description of Command Options . . . . . . . . . . . 40 5. PKSFX - SELF-EXTRACTION UTILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 A. Creating a Self-Extracting ZIP file . . . . . . . . 51 B. PKSFX Reference Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 6. SPECIAL HANDLING PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 A. How a ZIP File is Made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 B. Use of a RAM Disk with PKZIP . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 C. LAN - Local Area Network Support . . . . . . . . . . 55 D. Creating a Pre-Selected File List. . . . . . . . . . 56 E. Batch File Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 F. The Configuration file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 G. PKWARE Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 H. PKZIPFIX - File Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . 65 7. REGISTRATION AND BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 A. Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 B. Other Background Information . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 C. Registration Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 D. Software License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 PKWARE -4- | | | INTRODUCTION TO FILE COMPRESSION | | File Compression | Two Related Programs - PKZIP & PKUNZIP | File Compression Terms | Use of Hard and Floppy Disk Systems | General Rules and Default Settings | PKWARE System Limits | | | | PKWARE -5- FILE COMPRESSION The term "compression" means to reduce in size. Computer file compression refers to reducing files in size so that they take up less storage space on disk. PKZIP will perform this reducing process quickly and easily. The compressed files are then stored in a special file called a ZIP file. ZIP files have three distinct benefits: 1. They use less disk space than normal files. Storing files in compressed form increases the life and storage availability of your expensive hard disk. 2. Many individual files can be compressed into a single ZIP file. This makes file group identification, copying, and transporting faster and easier. 3. Compressed files travel faster via modem which reduces telecommunication transmission and reception. Many BBS (computer bulletin board services) use PKWARE files as their standard. This enables the BBS to store more files and you to have transfer files faster and easier. TWO RELATED PKWARE PROGRAMS - PKZIP & PKUNZIP Together, PKZIP and PKUNZIP handle all of your file compression needs. PKZIP is the program that compresses files. This shrinking process is often referred to as data compression. Terms you will see during the compressing process are Storing, Shrinking, and Imploding. PKZIP also handles all file maintenance including adding and deleting files, as well as reporting on technical information from within the compressed file. PKUNZIP is the program that uncompresses or extracts compressed files. In addition to extracting a complete ZIP file, it can selectively release individual files, show files on the screen for fast viewing, or print them out on a printer. PKWARE -6- FILE COMPRESSION TERMS The following terms are used throughout this manual. FILE = The SINGLE name that identifies information on your floppy disk or hard drive. ZIP FILE = The file that holds file information that has been reduced in size for better storage. It is sometimes called a compressed file or a library file. A ZIP file can be made up of either one or more files compressed and stored together under one file name. FILE EXTRACTION = The process of recreating files that have been previously compressed. FILE COMPRESSION = is the process of reducing a file's size. This is sometimes referred to as data compressing. ______________________________________________________________ | | | A ZIP file contains one or more files. | | | | MANUAL.ZIP contains -> chap1.txt toc.txt app.txt cov.txt| | All of these files are compressed | | and stored in one file. | | | | | | | | BIG.ZIP contains -> Huge.Wks | | This is a very large worksheet | | that has been shrunk in size for | | better storage and faster | | telecommunications. | |____________________________________________________________| USING PKWARE WITH HARD AND FLOPPY DISK SYSTEMS PKWARE works BEST on a hard disk system. 1. Even though you are making files smaller, the process used to shrink them can BRIEFLY DOUBLE the storage space needed. When a ZIP file is being modified (e.g. files being added), the process creates a new ZIP file which will be used as a REPLACEMENT for the old version. Both the OLD and the NEW versions will be on your disk until just prior to the completion of the process. PKWARE -7- 2. When you extract a ZIP file, the amount of space needed to hold that file can double. A large hard disk drive normally insures that enough storage area is available. Many compressed files are stored on floppy disks. The limit to floppy storage is the number of characters your floppy system will hold: Standard double density floppy 360K High density floppy 1.2 meg 3-1/2" floppy .7 or 1.4 meg You may have problems either ADDING files to a ZIP file stored on a floppy disk, or extracting files to a floppy disk system when the number of characters in the ZIP file is more than 50% of the available storage space on the floppy disk. Consider a standard floppy disk system: ______________________________________________________________ | | | Standard Floppy Disk Drive of 360K | | | | A:> BigFile.ZIP has 250,000 characters | | | | 1. In order to ADD files to BigFile.ZIP, you need | | 500,000 of space. The extra space is used to | | hold a new updated ZIP file created before the | | old ZIP file is deleted. | | | | 2. When BigFile is extracted, it might require | | 400,000 of space, but the available space on the | | disk restricts it to 360,000. | |____________________________________________________________| PKWARE -8- There are a number of ways to avoid the limitations. A thorough knowledge of PKWARE Programs will show you how to: 1. Selectively extract files from a ZIP file. Instead of extracting everything at once, you can view file size information and then select SPECIFIC files to be extracted to a floppy. 2. If you have two floppy drives, create the ZIP file on your second disk drive so that you have the full 360K available to you. 3. Use the special -b command option, which routes the NEW file to an alternate disk drive during the compressing process then copies it back to the floppy disk upon completion. GENERAL RULES AND DEFAULT SETTINGS 1. PKWARE programs MUST be located in: A. The drive you are working on, OR . . . B. Any directory accessible through the PATH= setting. C:> PATH=C:/Utils In this example, PKWARE is in the Utils Directory. The computer will find and execute the program even though you are in a different directory or drive because any commands entered will be run through the PATH. Consult your MS-DOS documentation for more information. C. Any directory through the use of PATH notation if you are using MS-DOS 3.0 or later. C:>B:PKZIP -a OldFile.ZIP *.* PKZIP is located on the B:> drive C:>\UTILS\PKZIP -v Stuff.ZIP PKZIP is located in \UTILS as indicated in the PATH notation 2. All PKWARE program commands are typed at the prompt. PKWARE -9- 3. Typed information can generally be in upper case, lower case, or a mixture, except where noted in the manual. The following options are case sensitive: -J -j, -W -w, -C -c, -P -p, and the password for the -s option. It is recommended however, to use lower case when possible in order to be compatible with future versions of PKWARE. 4. The DEFAULT is *.* or ALL FILES when specific files are not named (except for the -d delete files option). 5. It is NOT necessary to type the extension .ZIP when processing a ZIP file, it will be assumed. The extension is used in this documentation for clarity. 6. A help screen is displayed when you type the program name (PKZIP or PKUNZIP) at the prompt then press <enter>. Also typing -h on the command line will call up the help screen. 7. The notation PKUNZIP * or *.ZIP will extract all ZIP files within the given area. 8. During the extracting process, the notation *.* will tell PKUNZIP to attempt to extract ALL files whether they are ZIP files or not. This could waste time, but will not damage any files. 9. The default area for the temporary second ZIP file that is created while the original is being updated, is the same path and directory location as the original ZIP file. As this can cause a space shortage on a floppy disk, the -b option is recommended. (See Section 3.) 10. The compressing function will STOP if specific, pre- specified files are not found. 11. All MS-DOS file handling procedures can be used: Filename.ext Full file name designations Name*.ext Names with wild card markers *.ext Filename.* *.* File?ame.ext A:filename.ext Disk drive and file name C:\Lotus\March\*.* Disk drive and PATH locations PKWARE -10- PKWARE SYSTEM LIMITS The following limits should be noted when using the PKWARE file compression programs. - This software is designed to run on any IBM personal computer or compatible, that is running MS-DOS version 2.0 or higher (MS-DOS versions) or OS/2 (OS/2 versions only). - PKZIP requires a minimum of 85K memory to run. - PKUNZIP requires a minimum of 70K free memory to run. - PKZIP is capable of compressing up to 3,900 files into a signgle ZIP file. PKWARE -11- | | | SUPER QUICK | | QUICK START- Extracting a File from a BBS | Use of PKWARE in Telecommunications - BBS | | | | | | | PKWARE -12- ______________________________________________________________ | | | QUICK START | | | | Extracting a ZIP File from a BBS | | | | A BBS is a Computer Bulletin Board Service. Those who use | | this type of service can acquire programs or other | | information in the form of compressed files. These files | | are picked up via a modem. In order to use these files, | | they must be extracted through the use of PKUNZIP. | | | | Follow this example to UNZIP your files: | | | | C:>PKUNZIP A:AnyFile.XYZ C: | | _______ _____________ ___ | | | | | | | | | Drive/Path to locate the | | | | files on | | | | | | | Name/ Location of file being extracted | | | > Use any MS-DOS file notation | | | | | the UNZIP command | | > The command MUST be located at the prompt | | or | | > The program can be located elsewhere through | | the PATH= setting | |____________________________________________________________| USE OF PKWARE IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS - BBS Compressed library files store much information into a relatively small space. PKWARE file compression methods are the standard used by many successful BBS systems across the country. Compressed files, known as ZIP files in PKWARE notation, created through PKWARE, assure you of the highest level of file accuracy. PKWARE compressed files are the most compact, meaning they take less telecommunications time to deliver, PLUS PKWARE is FAST! According to benchmarks published in major computer magazines, you will be able to manipulate your compressed files many times faster with PKWARE as compared to similar programs on the market. PKWARE provides you with the highest standards of the industry. PKWARE -13- If you find the software fast, easy, and convenient to use, a registration of $25 would be appreciated. If you send $47 or more, you will receive a diskette with documentation for the next version of the software, when available. Please state the version of the software that you currently have. Send registrations to: PKWARE, Inc. 7545 N. Port Washington Rd. Suite 205 Glendale, WI 53217 PKWARE -14- | | | PKZIP - COMPRESS FILES INTO ZIP FILES | | QUICK START - Create a ZIP file | Description of Command Options | | | | PKWARE -15- QUICK START - CREATE A ZIP FILE This section will describe some simple examples, illustrating the command format for creating a ZIP file. ______________________________________________________________ | | | QUICK START | | How to compress files | | | | Use PKZIP to reduce or compress the size of your files. | | All compressed files are stored in a ZIP file, while in | | their compressed state. | | | | The benefits of Compressing are: | | | | - Better use of disk storage area | | - Faster telecommunication file transfer via a modem | | - Collecting numerous files under a single file name | | | | PKZIP uses 4 areas typed at the prompt: | | | | PKZIP ZIPFILE [options] [files] | | | | 1. The actual program name PKZIP | | | | 2. The command options letter commands | | example: -a = add files| | | | 3. The name YOU give your NewFile and LOCATION | | ZIP file and its location. | | If no extension specified, | | default = .ZIP. | | | | 4. The files that get compressed any MS-DOS file | | into the ZIP file. notation | | | | Examples: | | | | C:>PKZIP -a A:NEWFILE *.* | | | | This will create a file named NEWFILE.ZIP. The .ZIP | | extension will be added automatically when the ZIP file has| | been completed. In this example, all of the files in the | | current directory will be compressed into NEWFILE.ZIP. | | | | | | C:>PKZIP -a B:BUDGET \LOTUS\Checks.Wks \LOTUS\Money.Wks | | | | This will create a ZIP file named BUDGET.ZIP on the B | | drive. It will contain two files, both currently located | | located in the C:\LOTUS directory. | | | PKWARE -16- | | | C:>PKZIP -f FILES *.TXT | | | | This will update an existing ZIP file named FILES.ZIP. | | The files with a .TXT extension that already exist in the | | ZIP file, and that are also dated later then those already | | within FILES.ZIP, will be updated. | |____________________________________________________________| PKWARE -17- PKZIP REFERENCE GUIDE The following table will provide a quick reference guide to all the options of PKZIP. The command syntax is also shown below. ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | | PKZIP | | | | PKZIP [-b[path]] [options] zipfile [@list] [files...] | | | | zipfile = ZIP file name. Default extension is .ZIP | | file = Names of files to compress. Wildcards *, ? are ok.| | Default is ALL files. | | list = An optional list file name. | | | | | | Options are: | | -a = Add files | | -b[path] = Create temporary ZIP file on alternate drive | | -c -C = Create/Edit file comments | | -d = Delete files | | -f = Freshen files | | -h = Call up help screen | | -i = Add changed files | | -j -J<h,r,s> = Mask/Unmask file attributes | | -k = Retain original date of ZIP file | | -l = Display license information | | -o = Set time and date of ZIP file to oldest file | | -p -P = Store recursed pathnames | | -q = Enable ANSI comments | | -r = Recurse subdirectories | | -s<password> = Scramble files with password protection | | -u = Update files | | -m[u,f] = Move files | | -v[b,r,t,c,d,e,n,o,p,s] = View files | | -e[x,s,a,b] = Method of compression | | -w -W<h,s> = Include hidden/system files | | -x = Exclude files from ZIP operation | | -z = Create/Edit ZIP comment | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------- PKWARE -18- DESCRIPTION OF COMMAND OPTIONS The commands used in creating a ZIP file will be explained in detail in this section. You will find that the new command format is much more flexible and easier to use. Listed below is a summary of important facts to keep in mind while using PKZIP. - The command options can generally be placed anywhere on the command line. - The first filename listed on the command line will be interpreted as the ZIP file. - The commands can usually be typed using either upper case or lower case, with the following exceptions: W w include special files J j mask special files C c create comments P p store pathnames In general, you should use lower case for all commands that are not case sensitive in order to be compatible with future versions of PKZIP. - All command options for the software must be preceded by a '-' character or the MS-DOS switch character (usually '/'). - Most options except where noted can be combined (i.e. "-x -y" or "-xy"). - The default values for the command line are as follows: - If no options are entered, the default is '-a', the add file option. - If no extension is specified for the ZIP file the .ZIP extension will be used. - If no location is listed for the ZIP file, it will be located in the current directory. - If no file specs (filenames, with or without wildcards) are listed, the default is *.* (unless the -d option is being used). PKWARE -19- The following table lists all the options valid with the PKZIP command. A brief summary is also given in the table. The options are explained in detail, along with programming examples, following the table. Table 3-1 PKZIP COMMAND OPTIONS -------------------------------------------------------------- OPTION SUMMARY -a Adds files to ZIP file. -b[path] Creates a temporary ZIP file at the specified alternate location. This temporary file is used only in the creation of the ZIP file, and will be automatically deleted when the process is complete. -c -C Adds file comments to individual files within the ZIP file. -d Deletes the specified files from the ZIP file. -e[x,s,a,b] Specifies compression method. -f Freshens files in the ZIP file. -h Calls up a help screen. -i Adds to the ZIP file only those files that were changed since the ZIP file was last updated. -j -J<h,r,s> Specifies masking or unmasking of file attributes. -k Retains the original date of the ZIP file that is being updated. -l Displays the license screen. -m[u,f] Adds files to the ZIP file and automatically deletes the original or source files. -o Sets time and date of the ZIP file to the time and date of the latest file contained in the ZIP file. -p -P Stores paths that are recursed along with the filenames in the ZIP file. The -p option should be used with -r option. -q Enables ANSI comments. PKWARE -20- -r Recurses subdirectories from the specified directories. -s<password> Scrambles files in the ZIP file with password protection. -u Updates the ZIP file. -v[b,r,t,c,d,e,n,o,p,s] Views technical information about files in the ZIP file. -w -W<h,s> Specifies whether hidden or system files will be included in the ZIP file. -x Is used to exclude files from a ZIP file operation. -z Creates a ZIP comment for a ZIP file. Note: Parameters listed in [ ] are optional. Where parameters are listed in < >, at least one of the listed parameters must be specified. There are several size factors you must be aware of when using the PKZIP command. A ZIP file can hold any number of files subject to the storage size of your disk. You need unused storage space at least equal to the size of the existing ZIP file in order to complete any updating process. For example, if the ZIP file to be updated is currently 250K, you need 250K for actual storage space and another 250K for the updating process. This is because PKZIP does not delete the original ZIP file until the new updated ZIP file has been created. So at the instant the new updated ZIP file is completed the original ZIP file will still exist. Therefore, you would need disk storage space twice the actual size of the ZIP file. If this poses a problem to you, it can be counteracted by using the -b command. This process is explained in greater detail later in this section. This section will give a detailed explanation of the options used in the PKZIP command. Recall that except where noted, several options can be combined on the command line, and the options can be placed in any order. The command options are explained in groups determined by function. The options pertaining to adding or updating ZIP files are explained first, followed by the delete option, view options, configuration options, and miscellaneous options. PKWARE -21- -a Add files to a ZIP file --------------------------- This command will add files to either a NEWLY CREATED or EXISTING ZIP file. Same-name files will overwrite those already in the ZIP file regardless of which has the latest date. This is the default option if no other options are specified. A:>PKZIP -a Text chap1.doc chap2.doc toc.doc Once the program is finished creating a new ZIP file containing the three files listed above, the extension .ZIP will be added to "Text" making it TEXT.ZIP -u Update existing ZIP file ---------------------------- The existing ZIP file will be updated with files only if they are not currently in the ZIP file, or if they are dated later than those with the same name already in the ZIP file. Although this command is similar to the -a Add command, it has an update SAFEGUARD. It will overwrite existing compressed files ONLY if the selected files have a more recent time and date. C:>PKZIP -u Oldfile.ZIP *.Txt Money.Wks A:Funds.Wks This example will update the ZIP file named Oldfile.ZIP. The files listed above will be updated within the ZIP file. That is they will be added if they do not already exist, or overwritten if they already exist in the ZIP file with an earlier date. -f Freshen files in ZIP file ----------------------------- This option updates files that already exist in the ZIP file with same-named files with later times and dates. The Freshen option is limited to working with files that ALREADY exist in the ZIP file. Existing zipped files will be overwritten ONLY if the files have been updated since being added to the ZIP file. It will NOT add new files. C:>PKZIP -f STORE.ZIP *.* In the above example, all the existing files in the ZIP file, STORE, will be updated if a newer version of the file exists in the current directory. PKWARE -22- -i Selectively BACKUP files ---------------------------- This option will add only those files to the ZIP file that were NOT backed up the last time. It adds only those files that have been changed. If the program returns the notation "No files found", this means that everything had been previously backed up. C:\PKWARE> PKZIP -i allfiles.zip In this example, all the files in the ZIP file 'allfiles' that had not been previously backed up, will be backed up. -m[u,f] Move files into a ZIP file ----------------------------------- This option will add files to a new OR existing ZIP file then automatically DELETE the original or source file. There are two additional options available with the Move option: Move Update and Move Freshen. When used alone, the Move option is similar to the -a Add command option except that it automatically deletes the original files. This is a real time saver, for example, when compressing an entire directory. The -m option compresses all your files into a single ZIP file, then deletes the original files. -mu = This specifies the Move option used along with the Update option. When these two options are used together, the existing ZIP file will be updated with files only if they are not currently in the ZIP file, or if they are dated later than those with the same name already in the ZIP file. After the ZIP file is updated, the original files will be deleted. -mf = This specifies the Move option used along with the Freshen option. When these two options are used together, files already existing in the ZIP file will be updated with same-named files with later times and dates. After the ZIP file is updated, the original files will be deleted. The original files are deleted after the program verifies the ZIP file for accuracy. If an error does occur, such as DISK FULL, the original files will NOT be deleted. C:\DB> PKZIP -m tiny.ZIP *.dbf In this example, all the database files will be compressed into tiny.ZIP and then will be erased from the \DB directory. PKWARE -23- -d Delete files from WITHIN a ZIP file --------------------------------------- This option is used to delete single or multiple files within a ZIP file. Any of the MS-DOS file handling descriptions may be used. The name of the file will be displayed on the screen as it is being deleted. C:>PKZIP -d OldFile.ZIP Garbage.Txt Useless.Dbf In this example, Garbage.Txt and Useless.Dbf will be deleted from the files in OldFile.ZIP -v[b,r,t][c,d,e,n,o,p,s] View technical information ---------------------------------------------------- This option will display technical information concerning the files contained within a ZIP file. There are several options available with the View option. All are explained below. The options determine how the information will be displayed and sorted. The following information about each file contained in the ZIP file will be displayed on the screen. Length Original length of the file Method Type of file compression used Size Size of the compressed file Ratio Percent reduction in file size Date Actual date of the file Time Actual time of the file CRC-32 The CRC-32 value of the file Attribute The attribute of the file (s=System, h=Hidden, w=Writable, r=readonly file, and *=encrypted) Name Name of the file The View options for PKZIP are explained below. The options determine how the information will be displayed and sorted on the screen. The following display options are available: -vb = The -b Brief display option will display all the information shown above except the CRC-32 value and the file attribute. -vt = The -t Additional Technical display option is used to display extra technical information. When this option is active, the following information (shown on the following page) will be displayed on the screen. With this display, the following information about each file in the ZIP file will be displayed on the screen. PKWARE -24- The following information will be displayed for each file in the ZIP file, when the -vt option is used. Filename Name of the file File type Type of file Encrypted It will be noted here if the file is encrypted Attribute The attribute of the file (s=System, h=Hidden, w=Writable, and r=readonly file) Comments File comment if present will be listed here Date and Time Date and Time of the ZIP file Compression Method Imploding or Shrinking (or Reducing, if an earlier of PKZIP was used) Compressed Size Reduced or compressed size of the file Uncompressed Size Original length of the file CRC-32 The numeric CRC-32 value Created by The version of PKZIP and the operating system used to create the ZIP file. Needed to extract The version of PKZIP required to extract the files -vc = This option is used to display any existing file comments. -vr = Display information in reverse order from the default order. This option can be used with any of the other View options to reverse the order of sorting. Any of the display options explained above can be used with the sorting options listed below. The following sorting options are available with the View option. The default order of sorting is also specified. (This order can be reversed by using the particular sorting option along with the -vr View Reverse option.) -vd = Sort by date of files, oldest to most recent. -ve = Sort by file extension, alphabetically. -vn = Sort by name of files, alphabetically. -vo = Display in original order, i.e. the order in which the files were zipped. (This option can be used to override any configuration parameter you may have set.) -vp = Sort by percentage ratio of compression, smallest to largest. -vs = Sort by size of files, smallest to largest. PKWARE -25- If no sorting option is specified, the files will be displayed in the order they were compressed. The following example illustrates the command used to display the technical information about a ZIP file sorted by date. The output is shown below. D:> PKZIP allfiles.zip -vd Length Method Size Ratio Date Time CRC-32 Attr Name ------ ------ ----- ----- ---- ---- ------ ---- ---- 6144 Implode 2228 64% 01-04-80 13:52 a1f719af --w SAVE.DOC 7168 Implode 2305 68% 01-04-80 14:58 fc970ad9 --w EWEXE.DOC 2560 Implode 1312 49% 09-03-87 11:12 b89abd8c --w TYPOS.DOC 423 Implode 337 21% 09-03-87 11:14 131dd142 --w PINTS.DOC 2793 Implode 1264 55% 09-03-87 19:16 dab0a3b5 --w DCA.DOC 6638 Implode 3082 54% 01-25-89 21:52 80046b74 --w ADME.DOC 14848 Implode 5514 63% 03-02-89 09:03 7f2d751b --w IIM1.DOC 10240 Implode 4312 58% 03-02-89 09:04 70324a2f --w IIM2.DOC 75264 Implode 23261 70% 03-02-89 09:16 8f5baa0f --w IIM3.DOC ------ ------ --- ------- 126078 43615 57% 12 In the example shown below, the additional technical information will be displayed. The files are sorted alphabetically by name. The output displayed below would be repeated for each file within the ZIP file. C:\WORD> PKZIP -vtn docs.zip Filename: M3.DOC File type: text Attributes: --w Date and Time: Jul 17,1989 09:15:00 Compression Method: Implode Compressed Size: 8258 Uncompressed Size: 25600 32 bit CRC value: 27418eb3 Created by: PKZIP: 1.0 under MS-DOS Needed to extract: PKUNZIP: 1.0 Any of the View options listed above can be set in the Configuration file. For example, if you wanted to always display the files contained in a ZIP file sorted by extension, this can be set in the Configuration file. If no View options are specified, the default View setting is the order in which the files were compressed in the ZIP file. Any view options specified on the command line will however, override the configuration parameters. PKWARE -26- The following View options can be set in the Configuration file. The corresponding command line option is also listed for reference. VIEW = date -vd VIEW = extension -ve VIEW = name -vn VIEW = ratio -vp VIEW = size -vs VIEW = natural -vo VIEW = reverse -vr VIEW = brief -vb VIEW = long -vt VIEW = comments -vc As in the view options specified on the command line, the last four options, reverse, brief, long and comments, can be combined with any of the sorting options listed above. For more detailed information on the Configuration file, see section 5. -c -C Create file comments ---------------------------- This option is case sensitive. It is used to create file comments for the individual files contained in the ZIP file. The maximum length for the comments is 60 characters. You will be prompted to enter the comments. If a comment already exists, you can edit it or press the <Enter> key to retain the same comment. To delete an existing comment, press the Space bar followed by the <Enter> key. The -c (lower case c) option is used to edit all comments for existing files or files that are added. The -C (upper case C) option is used when you want to create comments for only the new files that were added to the ZIP file. It is used along with the add/update options. If -C is used without any other options, it has the same effect as -c. C:\PK> PKZIP textfile.zip -C -u In the above example, any comments on existing files will be retained and you will be prompted to enter comments only for the newly added files. PKWARE -27- -z Create a Zipcomment ----------------------- This option allows you to create a descriptive label for your ZIP files. The Zipcomment will then automatically be displayed by PKZIP or PKUNZIP whenever the specific ZIP file is processed. When you type in the command, as shown below, you will be prompted to enter the Zipcomment. The -z option can also be used to edit an existing Zipcomment. The -z option can be used alone on an EXISTING ZIP file or in combination with any of the add/update commands. Examples are shown below. C:\PK>PKZIP zipdoc -z After entering the above command, the program will prompt you to type in a Zipcomment for the ZIP file 'ZIPDOC.ZIP'. After entering the Zipcomment, press the <Enter> key to save it. C:\PKWARE> PKZIP zipdoc -z -a *.doc In this example both files and Zipcomments will be added. To add files and add a Zipcomment, both the -z and one of the add/update commands must be entered. -x Exclude files from the ZIP file operation --------------------------------------------- This option is used to exclude files from the current operation. It can be used along with any of the MS-DOS file handling descriptions. It can be used along with most of the ZIP command options such as add, update, view, delete, etc. C:\pkzip stuff *.* -x*.BAK In the above example, all of the files in the current directory will be compressed into the file stuff.zip except the files with a .BAK extension. PKWARE -28- -b[path] Create temporary ZIP file on alternate drive/path ----------------------------------------------------------- This option is designed to be used when insufficient disk space is a problem. Every time a ZIP file is updated, PKZIP creates a new pre-ZIP file. When the updating is completed, the original ZIP file is automatically deleted and the pre-ZIP file becomes the new ZIP file. The result of this operation is that you need disk storage space equal to at least twice the actual size of the ZIP file while updating the ZIP file. Disk space is generally not a problem on a hard disk, but can pose restrictions on a floppy disk. If adequate disk space is not available, the program will stop. The -b option will locate the pre-ZIP file on the path and location specified. This file is used only in the process of updating the original ZIP file. It will replace the original ZIP file and will NOT exist on the location specified in the -b option, when the update process is completed. The -b option can be used along with any of the update options. C:>PKZIP a:zipdoc *.doc -bc: -u The above example illustrates the use of the -b option. A ZIP file, zipdoc, located on drive A will be updated with all the .doc files. A temporary ZIP file, used in the update process will be located on the C drive. This file will not exist when the update process is completed. -e[x,s,a,b] Use extra compression options ------------------------------------------ This option is used to specify the compression algorithm to be used in creating the ZIP file. There are two types of compression that can be used: Shrinking and Imploding. The options are explained below. -ex = This specifies the Imploding method is to be used on all files being compressed. In general, it provides a greater degree of compression over the Shrinking method. Note that -ex does not try both Shrinking and Imploding. In most cases where Shrinking would work better than Reducing in PKZIP 0.9x, Imploding will do better than Shrinking. This is the default for PKZIP. -es = This specifies the Shrinking method is to be used on all files being compressed. In general, it provides a faster method of compression over the Imploding method. PKWARE -29- -ea = This specifies the Imploding method is to be used on all ASCII files and the Shrinking method is to be used on all binary files. -eb = This specifies the Imploding method is to be used on all binary files and the Shrinking method is to be used on all ASCII files. Note: You should be aware of the following when specifying a compression method. - Using -ea -eb is the same as using -ex. - Numbers after the parameters such as "-ex4" or "-ea3" are accepted for compatibility with PKZIP 0.92 but they have no effect on the data compression in PKZIP 1.0. - Regardless of the compression method specified, files smaller than 320 bytes in size will be Shrunk, if enough memory is present. - Shrinking requires more memory than Imploding. If there is enough memory to perform Imploding, but not enough memory to perform Shrinking and any of the last three options listed are chosen, PKZIP will issue a warning and use Imploding instead. Shrinking requires about 128K to run, and Imploding approximately 90K. Some example commands are shown below. C:>PKZIP zipdoc -es *.DOC This command would Shrink all the files with a .DOC extension into the ZIP file. C:>PKZIP -ea zipdoc This command would Implode the ASCII files and Shrink the binary files. PKWARE -30- -p -P Store relative paths with filenames in the ZIP file ---------------------------------------------------------- This option is case sensitive. It allows you to store the directory and path information pertaining to each file within the ZIP file (or list file). If -p (lower case p) is used, all the pathnames that are recursed into will be stored in the ZIP file. The -p option is meaningful only when used with the -r option explained below. If -P (upper case P) is used, all the pathnames specified on the command line and those recursed into will be stored in the ZIP file. -r Recurse through subdirectories ---------------------------------- This command allows you more flexibility when creating or updating ZIP files. The program will recurse through specified directories when obtaining files to compress. For example: C:> PKZIP alldoc -r D:*.doc C:\word\pk\*.txt This command will search all .DOC files on the D drive and all .TXT files on the C:\word\pk directory and all directories below. For example: C:\data>PKZIP -rp stuff This example will compress all the files in the current directory, and all directories below the current subdirectory. PKUNZIP can then restore this directory tree either in the same directory, or at any place in the directory tree. An entire directory tree can be compressed into a ZIP file and then restored by using the -d option in PKUNZIP. (See the -d option for PKUNZIP, Section 4.) By default, the filename only will be stored, unless the -p or -P option is specified on the command line. -l Display the License screen ------------------------------ This command will display the software license agreement. A:>PKZIP -l PKWARE -31- -h Display help screen ----------------------- This command will display a help screen whenever typed on the command line. D:\PKWARE> PKZIP -h -s<password> Scramble files with password ------------------------------------------ This option is used to scramble, or encrypt the files in the ZIP file. It includes password protection. When extracting the ZIP file, the files will not be extracted unless the correct password is included on the command line. When specifying the password, there is no space between the s and the password. Also the password is case sensitive. It must be entered exactly the same when you Unzip the file. It is important that you remember or somehow record the passwords that you use, because PKZIP does not retain a record of these passwords anywhere. C:\FINANCE> PKZIP PAYROLL -m -sSecret *.pyr In the above example, the ZIP file PAYROLL will be created with all the files having a *.pyr extension. In order to Unzip this file, the password 'Secret' will have to be specified exactly as shown above. -q Enable ANSI Comments -q- Disable ANSI Comments -------------------------- This option can be used to override a command in the Configuration file. By default, ANSI sequences are disabled. ANSI sequences are enabled or disabled in the Configuration file by the following commands. ANSI = Enabled ANSI = Disabled To override the configuration string, simply include the -q or -q- option on the command line. An example is shown below. C:\MAIN> PKZIP allfile.zip -u -q- In this example, the ZIP file, allfile.zip will be updated. If the ANSI comments had been enabled in the configuration file, they would be disabled by the -q- option on the command line. PKWARE -32- -o Set ZIP file date to latest file date included -o- Set ZIP file date to current date -------------------------------------- This option can be used to override a command in the Configuration file. By default the ZIP file being created will be given the current time and date. By using the following command in the Configuration file, the ZIP file date will be determined by the date of the latest file included in the ZIP file. ZIPDATE = latest To override the configuration string, simply include the -o or -o- option on the command line. Note: This option is denoted by the letter o, not a zero. An example is shown below. C:\MAIN> PKZIP DONE.ZIP -a -o- *.doc In this example, all the files with a .doc extension will be added to the ZIP file. The file will then be given the current date. Assuming the ZIPDATE had been set to latest in the configuration file, it would be overwritten to current by the -o- option on the command line. NOTE: Please see the -k option for related information. -k Keep current date on the ZIP file -k- Set ZIP file date to current date -------------------------------------- This option can be used to override a command in the Configuration file. By default the ZIP file being created will be given the current time and date. By using the following command in the Configuration file, the current ZIP file date will be retained when the file is updated. ZIPDATE = keep To override the configuration string, simply include the -k or -k- option on the command line. An example is shown below. C:\MAIN> PKZIP DONE.ZIP -f -k- *.txt In this example, all the files with a .txt extension will be freshened in the ZIP file. The file will then be given the current date. Assuming the ZIPDATE had been set to keep in the configuration file, it would be overwritten to current by the -k- option on the command line. NOTE: Please see the -o option for related information. PKWARE -33- -w<H,S> Include hidden or system files -W<H,S> Do not include hidden or system files ---------------------------------------------- This option is used to specify whether or not the hidden or system files will be included in the ZIP file. It can be used to override a command in the Configuration file. By default, hidden or system files will not be included. By using one of the following commands in the Configuration file, you can specify whether system or hidden files will be included by default. INCLUDE = hidden INCLUDE = system To override the string in the Configuration file, simply include the -w<H,S> or -W<H,S> option on the command line. To specify hidden files, use H; and to specify system files, use S. An example is shown below. C:\DOS> PKZIP ALL.ZIP -a -Whs In this example, all of the files in the current directory will be compressed into ALL.ZIP except the hidden and system files. Assuming the hidden files had been included in the Configuration file, this command overrides the Configuration file. NOTE: There is no space between the W or w, and the h or s. For more detailed information on the Configuration file, see section 5. -j<H,S,R> Mask hidden, system or readonly file attributes -J<H,S,R> Do not mask hidden, system or readonly file attributes ------------------------------------------------------ This option is used to mask the hidden, system or readonly attributes of files so that they can be treated as normal writable files. This command can be used to override commands in the Configuration file. By default, these files will not be masked. By using the following commands in the Configuration file, you can specify whether system, hidden or readonly files will be masked, and thus treated as normal writable files. MASK = hidden MASK = system MASK = readonly PKWARE -34- To override the string in the Configuration file, simply include the -j<H,S,R> or -J<H,S,R> option on the command line. To specify hidden files, use H; to specify system files, use S; and to specify readonly files, use R. An example is shown below. C:\DOS> PKZIP SAVE.ZIP -a -jrh -whs ibmbio.com ibmdos.com In this example, the hidden/system/readonly files IBMBIO.COM and IBMDOS.COM will be included in SAVE.ZIP. However, their hidden and readonly attributes will be masked off in the .ZIP file, saving them with the system attribute only. When the hidden, system and readonly attribute of files are masked off, the -v View option will display the attribute as --w (for writable) in the attribute column. NOTE: There is no space between the J or j, and the h, s or r. PKWARE -35- | | | PKUNZIP - EXTRACTING ZIP FILES | | QUICK START - Extract a zip File | PKUNZIP Reference Guide | Description of Command Options | | | | PKWARE -36- QUICK START - EXTRACTING A ZIP FILE This section will describe some simple examples, illustrating the command format for extracting files from a ZIP file. ______________________________________________________________ | | | QUICK START | | How to Extract a ZIP file | | | | A ZIP file is one which holds much information in a | | greatly reduced space. Use the PKUNZIP program to | | extract compressed files from a ZIP file. An entire ZIP | | file can be extracted, or specific files can be | | delegated to be extracted. | | | | There are five main parameters in the PKUNZIP command: | | | | 1. The actual program name PKUNZIP | | | | 2. The command options (optional) letter commands | | example: -v=view files | | | | 3. The ZIP file name AnyFile.ZIP | | | | 4. The destination where you want Default = directory | | the extracted information to where program is started| | be located (optional) | | | | 5. Selected files to be extracted Default = *.* | | (optional) | | | | Examples: | | | | C:>PKUNZIP AnyFile.ZIP A: | | | | This command will extract all the files in the ZIP file | | AnyFile.ZIP. It will locate extracted files on the A | | drive. | | | | | | C:>PKUNZIP A:AnyFile.ZIP *.C | | | | In this example the ZIP file located in the A drive will | | be extracted on the C drive. The destination is the C | | drive by default. Only the *.C files will be extracted. | | | | | PKWARE -37- | C:>PKUNZIP \Collect\AnyFile.ZIP A: -o | | | | | | In this example, the path location of the ZIP file is | | specified. The files will be extracted on the A drive. | | With the -o option, the file with the same name as those | | existing on the A drive, will overwrite the already | | existing files, without asking for user confirmation. | |____________________________________________________________| PKWARE -38- PKUNZIP REFERENCE GUIDE The following table will provide a quick reference guide to all of the options of PKUNZIP. The command syntax is also shown below. ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | | PKUNZIP | | | | PKUNZIP [options] zipfile [d:path\] [file...] | | | | zipfile = ZIP file name. Default extension is .ZIP | | file = Names of files to compress. Wildcards *, ? are ok.| | Default is ALL files. | | list = An optional list file name. | | | | | | Options are: | | -c[m] = Extract files to the screen [with more] | | -d = Create directories on extraction from ZIP file | | -h = Call up help screen | | -j -J<h,r,s> = Mask/Unmask file attributes | | -l = Display license information | | -n = Extract only newer files | | -o = Overwrite existing files | | -p[a/b][c][n] = Extract files to the printer | | -s<password> = Unscrambles files with password protection | | -t = Test ZIP file integrity | | -q = Enable ANSI comments | | -v[b,r,c,d,e,n,p,s] = View file information | | -x = Extract files (the default option) | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------- PKWARE -39- DESCRIPTION OF COMMAND OPTIONS The command options used in extracting a ZIP file will be explained in detail in this section. You will find that the new command format is much more flexible and easier to use. Listed below is a summary of important facts to keep in mind while using PKUNZIP. - The command options can generally be placed anywhere on the command line. - The first filename listed on the command line will be interpreted as the ZIP file to be extracted. Subsequent filenames will be interpreted as specific files to be extracted. - The command can be typed using either upper case, lower case, or any combination. - All command options must be preceded by a '-' character (i.e. -v) or the MS-DOS switch character, usually '/'. - Unlike PKZIP, unrelated options of PKUNZIP cannot be combined. - The default values for the command line are as follows: - If no options are entered, the default is -x, the extract files option. - If no extension is specified for the ZIP file the .ZIP extension is assumed. - If no destination is specified for the extracted files, they will be located in directory that the program is being run from. - If no file specs (filenames, with or without wildcards) are listed, the default is *.*. The following table lists all the options valid with the PKZIP command. A brief summary is also given in the table. The options are explained in detail, along with programming examples, following the table. PKWARE -40- Table 4-1 pkunzip Command Options -------------------------------------------------------------- OPTION SUMMARY -c[m] Extracts files to the console [with more] -d Uses the pathnames stored in the ZIP file and creates the paths on extraction if they do not already exist. -h Displays a help screen. -j -J<h,r,s> Specifies masking or unmasking of file attributes. -l Displays the license agreement. -n Extracts files from the ZIP file only if they are newer than the ones already on the disk. -o Overwrites existing files without asking for confirmation. -p[a/b][c][n] Extracts files to a printer. -s<password> Unscrambles the files with password protection. -t Tests the ZIP file for corruption. -q Enables ANSI comments. -v[b,r,c,d,e,n,p,s] Views technical information about files in the ZIP -x Extracts files from the ZIP file. Note: Parameters listed in [ ] are optional. For parameters listed in < >, at least one of the listed parameters must be specified. This section will give a detailed explanation of the command options used in the PKUNZIP command. The command options are explained in groups determined by function. The options pertaining to extracting ZIP files are explained first, followed by the view options, print options, and miscellaneous options. PKWARE -41- -x Extract files from a ZIP file --------------------------------- This command will extract files from a ZIP file. Either the entire ZIP file can be extracted or certain files can be specified to be extracted. The extracted files will be located in the current directory unless you specify a destination. The -x option is the default option for the PKUNZIP command. If no option is listed on the command -x will be assumed. If a file being extracted already exists at the same destination where the extracted files are being located, the program will prompt you for confirmation before it overwrites the existing file. C:\DB>PKUNZIP -x A:lists.zip *.dbf *.txt In the above example, all of the files with a .dbf or a .txt extension will be extracted from the ZIP file called 'lists'. The ZIP file is located on the A drive. When the noted files are extracted, they will be located in the C:\DB directory. -o Extract files from ZIP file and overwrite existing files on disk ------------------------------------------------------------ This command will extract files from a ZIP file and automatically overwrite any same-named files found in the destination where the extracted files are being located. The program will NOT prompt you for confirmation before overwriting these files. Either the entire ZIP file can be extracted or certain files can be specified to be extracted. The extracted files will be located in the current directory unless you specify a destination. C:>PKUNZIP Zfile *.doc -o In the above example, all of the files with a .doc extension will be extracted from the ZIP file called 'Zfile' (the .ZIP extension is assumed). As the files are being extracted any files with the same name in the current directory will be automatically overwritten. PKWARE -42- -c[m] Extract files from a ZIP file and display them on the screen ------------------------------------------------------------ This command will extract files from a ZIP file and display them on the monitor. The extracted files will scroll continuously on the screen. The software can be told to pause after each screen of output by using the -cm (more) option. A:>PKUNZIP STUFF -c dates.doc In this example, the file 'dates.doc' will be extracted from the noted ZIP file, and displayed on the screen. -n Extract only new files from the ZIP file -------------------------------------------- This command will extract files from the ZIP file only if they are newer than the same-named ones already on the disk, or if they do not already exist on the disk. This option serves as an overwriting safeguard. It will not allow an older version of a file in a ZIP file to overwrite a newer version on disk. "Newer" is defined as the most recent time and date created. C:>PKUNZIP -n C:\DB\lists *.dbf In this example, all of the files with a .dbf extension, that are dated more recently than any same-named files on disk, or that do not already exist on disk will be extracted from the ZIP file 'lists'. -t Test the ZIP file --------------------- This option is used to test the files to make sure they are valid and have not been corrupted. The files will be listed as they are being tested 'OK' will listed after each file if it is not corrupted. This option does not extract files from the ZIP file; it only tests them. For instructions on reconstructing a ZIP file that has been corrupted, see the section on PKZIPFIX in section 5. C:\WORD\PK> pkunzip zipdoc *.doc -t In the above example all the .DOC files will be tested from the ZIP file 'zipdoc'. PKWARE -43- -v[b,r][c,d,e,n,p,s] View technical information ---------------------------------------------------- This option will display technical information concerning the files contained within a ZIP file. There are several options available with the View option. The view options for PKUNZIP are the same as those for PKZIP except for -vc. In PKUNZIP -vc will cause the files to be sorted by the 32 bit CRC value. Also, there is no -vt (view more technical information) option. The following information about each file in the ZIP file will be displayed (scrolled) on the screen. Length Original length of the file Method Type of file compression used, Implode or Shrink, (or Reduce if an older version of PKZIP was used) Size Size of the compressed file Ratio Percent reduction in file size Date Actual date of the file Time Actual time of the file CRC-32 The CRC-32 value of the file Attribute The attribute of the file (s=System, h=Hidden, w=Writable, r=readonly file, and *=encrypted file) Name Name of the file The View options for PKUNZIP are explained below. The options determine how the information will be displayed and sorted. The following display options are available: -vb = The -b Brief display option will display all the information shown above except the CRC-32 value and the file attribute. -vr = Display information in reverse order from the default order. This option is used with any of the sorting options listed below to reverse the order of sorting. PKWARE -44- The following sorting options are available with the View option. The default order of sorting is also specified. (This order can be reversed by using the particular sorting option along with the -vr View Reverse option.) -vd = Sort by date of files, oldest to most recent. -ve = Sort by file extension, alphabetically. -vn = Sort by name of files, alphabetically. -vp = Sort by percentage ratio of compression, smallest to largest. -vs = Sort by size of files, smallest to largest. -vc = Sort by 32 bit CRC value. If no sorting option is specified, the files will be displayed in the order they were compressed. The following command illustrates the View option used to display a ZIP file sorted by name. The output display is shown below. D:> PKUNZIP backups.zip -vn Length Method Size Ratio Date Time CRC-32 Attr Name ------ ------ ----- ----- ---- ---- ------ ---- ---- 10752 Implode 3933 64% 07-06-89 19:23 426c896a --w AGO.BAK 25600 Implode 8525 67% 07-13-89 17:55 bacc8813 --w DM1.BAK 41984 Implode 13320 69% 07-10-89 21:36 b20889a9 --w DM2.BAK 26112 Implode 8470 68% 07-11-89 18:53 eb623405 --w DM3.BAK 16896 Implode 6153 64% 07-10-89 20:52 05d3ba41 --w DM4.BAK 28601 Implode 8602 70% 07-13-89 18:49 c0bd9829 --w EM4.BAK 7168 Implode 2456 66% 01-04-80 14:57 007c1270 --w EXE.BAK 4608 Implode 1906 59% 06-28-89 23:35 d70bcf7e --w FMAL.BAK 6656 Implode 1926 72% 06-28-89 13:00 7447224b --w PK.BAK 3072 Implode 1181 62% 06-28-89 16:59 597bade0 --w PK1.BAK 6144 Implode 2350 62% 01-04-80 13:48 96bb2322 --w SAVE.BAK 1240 Implode 754 40% 07-10-89 11:23 8899969f --w TEEN.BAK 8704 Implode 3504 60% 06-29-89 19:26 760cc345 --w TIAL.BAK 26624 Implode 8495 69% 06-29-89 00:16 8849114b --w TZIP.BAK 38400 Implode 12080 69% 06-29-89 18:31 53619fb8 --w VZIP.BAK 927 Implode 502 46% 07-17-89 18:31 61b90c8f --w WIEW.BAK 319 Shrunk 246 23% 07-17-89 18:33 045dda73 --w XXXZ.BAK ------ ------ --- ------- 253807 84403 67% 17 PKWARE -45- -p[a/b][c][n] Extract files to a printer ----------------------------------------- This option is used to extract files from a ZIP file and send them to a printer for printing. The command parameters are defined below. The parameters of the print option must be programmed together on the command line. (i.e. -pac1 is correct, -p -a -c1 is NOT correct.) -p Specifies the extract to printer option. a/b The a and b parameters will set the printer device to either ASCII or Binary mode respectively. If no mode is specified, whatever the default mode is for the device will be used. ASCII mode is commonly used to print text. It will form feed after each file. Binary mode corresponds to the COPY command commonly used to send fonts or graphics to a laser printer. It will not form feed after each file. The a and b options cannot be mixed in the same command. c This option specifies the port that the data should be sent through. If c is included in the print option, this specifies a serial (COM) port is to be used. If c is NOT included in the print option, this indicates a parallel (LPT) port is to be used. n This is the number of the print port being used. It can be any number from 1 to 4. If no number is listed, 1 is assumed by default. C:>PKUNZIP -pbc2 PICTURE.ZIP In the above example, the files compressed in the ZIP file 'PICTURE' will be extracted and printed in binary mode to the serial port COM2. C:>PKUNZIP stuff *.doc -p In the above example, all the .DOC files will be extracted from STUFF.ZIP to the parallel port LPT1. PKWARE -46- -d Recreate directory paths upon extraction -------------------------------------------- This command option uses the pathnames that have been stored in the ZIP file. The directory pathnames are stored in the ZIP file by the use of -p, -P and -r options in the list of PKZIP commands explained in Section 3. If the stored output paths do not exist at the extraction destination, this command will create them as they are stored in the ZIP file. For example: If the following directory tree exists on drive C. root----+-abc--+-dir1 | | | +-dir2-+-dir3 | | +-xyz-- +-dir4 | +-pdq If you then executed: PKZIP -r -p A:STUFF C:\abc\*.* If you then executed: PKUNZIP -d A:STUFF C:\pdq\newabc After the PKUNZIP command is processed, the C drive would then look like this: root----+-abc--+-dir1 | | | +-dir2-+-dir3 | | +-xyz-- +-dir4 | +-pdq--+-newabc-+-dir1 | +-dir2-+-dir3 | +-dir4 All of the files originally in C:\ABC and its subdirectories (dir1, dir2, dir3, and dir4) have been restored to C:\PDQ\NEWABC, with the directory tree being recreated. If this -d option is not specified and pathnames have been stored in the ZIP file, only the filenames stored in the ZIP file will be used, any pathnames will be ignored. PKWARE -47- -h Display help screen ----------------------- This command will display a help screen whenever typed on the command line. The help screen will also occur when a command has been entered incorrectly. D:\PKWARE> PKZIP -h -l Display the License screen ------------------------------ This command will display the software license agreement. -q Enable ANSI Comments -------------------------- By default, ANSI sequences are filtered from the comments. This option allows any ANSI sequences to be displayed unfiltered. C:\ACCT> PKUNZIP ACCT.ZIP -o -q In this example, the ZIP file will be uncompressed (overwriting files existing on disk) and the ANSI comments of the file being extracted will be enabled. -j<H,S,R> Mask hidden, system or readonly file attributes -J<H,S,R> Do not mask hidden, system or readonly file attributes ---------------------------------------------------------- This option is used to mask the hidden, system or readonly attributes of files so that they will be treated as normal writable files. By default hidden, system, and readonly attributes are masked off upon extraction. To preserve these attributes, the -J option must be used. C:\DOS> PKUNZIP ALL.ZIP -Jhs In this example, any hidden or system file attributes of the files being extracted will be preserved. NOTE: There is no space between the J or j, and the h, s or r. PKWARE -48- -s<password> Unscramble files with password -------------------------------------------- This option is used to unscramble, or decrypt the files in the ZIP file. It is used in combination with the -s Scramble option of the Zip options. It includes password protection. When Unzipping a ZIP file that has been encrypted, the files will not be extracted unless the correct password is included on the command line. Unzip skips encrypted files if the password is not stated on the command line. When specifying the password, there is no space between the s and the password. Also the password is case sensitive. It must be entered exactly the same as when you zipped the file. It is important that you remember or somehow record the passwords that you use, because PKZIP does not retain a record of these passwords anywhere. C:\FINANCE> PKUNZIP PAYROLL -o -sSecret *.pyr In the above example, all of the files with a *.pyr extension will be extracted from the ZIP file 'PAYROLL'. In this case the password specified when the file was zipped, was 'Secret'. PKWARE -49- | | | PKSFX - SELF-EXTRACTION UTILITY | | Creating a Self-Extracting ZIP File | PKSFX Reference Guide | | | | | PKWARE -50- CREATING A SELF-EXTRACTING ZIP FILE ZIP files can be extracted without PKUNZIP through the use of self-extraction methods. This is useful when you need to transfer compressed files to a person who may not be familiar with file compression and extraction procedures, or who does not have the PKUNZIP program. The self-extracting ZIP file is an executable file with a .EXE extension. By simply typing in the name of the self-extracting ZIP file, the PKUNZIP extraction process will be performed. Several options are available for running (extracting) self- extracting ZIP files. They are listed on the following page. All self-extracting ZIP files can be treated as a normal ZIP file. All of the PKZIP and PKUNZIP options can be performed on a self-extracting ZIP file. The only difference is, the .EXE extension must be specified on the command line or the program will search for a ZIP file with the same name. In the example shown below, files in the self-extracting ZIP file, STARTUP.EXE will be freshened using the PKZIP -f option. C:\PKWARE> PKZIP STARTUP.EXE -f There are also several options that are available to use WHILE extracting the self-extracting ZIP file. These are listed in the PKSFX reference guide in the next section. An example is shown below. C:\PKWARE> SEZIP -d C:\ In this example, the self-extracting ZIP file, will be extracted with the -d options. The directories stored in the ZIP file will be reconstructed on the C: drive. The ZIP2EXE program is used to create a self-extracting ZIP file from a ZIP file, while leaving the original ZIP file intact. ZIP2EXE in turn, uses PKSFX.PRG to create the self- extracting ZIP file. PKSFX must be in the current directory or PATH when creating a self-extracting file. The program MAKESFX will create PKSFX.PRG from the distribution file. (You must run MAKESFX initially before you can create any self-extracting files.) PKWARE -51- The following example illustrates the process of creating a self-extracting ZIP file. If you have not run MAKESFX to create PKSFX.PRG, you must do this first. ------------------------------------------------------------- | CREATING A SELF-EXTRACTING ZIP FILE | | | | 1. Create the ZIP file using PKZIP. | | | | 2. Create the self-extracting file by entering: | | | | C:\>ZIP2EXE zipfile | | | | Where zipfile is the name of the ZIP file you want to | | create the self-extracting file from. The default | | extension is .ZIP if none is given. | | | | When the process is completed a message such as the | | one shown below will be displayed on the screen to | | let you know the conversion has been successful. | | | | zipfile.ZIP => zipfile.EXE | ------------------------------------------------------------- PKWARE -52- PKSFX REFERENCE GUIDE This is a quick reference guide to the options available while uncompressing a self-extracting ZIP file. --------------------------------------------------------------- | PKSFX | | | | | | Syntax: | | PKSFX [options] [d:path\] [file...] | | | | Where: | | PKSFX = Name of the self-extracting ZIP file. | | options = Any of the options listed below. | | d:path\ = Output drive and/or path. | | file = Name(s) of files to extract. Wildcards *, ?, | | are ok. Default is all files. | | | | | | Options: | | | | -c[m] = Extract to screen [with more] | | -d = Create directories stored in ZIP file | | -n = Extract only newer files | | -p[a,b,c][1,2,3] = Extract to printer | | [ASC mode, Bin,mode, COM port] [port number] | | -o = Overwrite existing files | | -x = Extract files (default) | | -l = Display software license agreement | | -t = Test ZIP file integrity | | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------- PKWARE -53- | | | SPECIAL HANDLING PROCEDURES | | How a ZIP File is Made | Use of a RAM Disk with PKZIP | LAN - Local Area Network Support | Creating a Pre-Selected File List | Batch File Processing | The Configuration File | PKWARE Error Messages | PKZIPFIX - File Reconstruction | | | | PKWARE -54- HOW A ZIP FILE IS MADE PKZIP creates a temporary pre-ZIP file that has an extension of .!!! such as in OldFile.!!! during the compressing process. OldFile.!!! is the upgraded version of OldFile.ZIP. When all of your files have been successfully compressed, the original ZIP file is deleted and the file with the extension .!!! is simply renamed with a new extension .ZIP. It is FASTER to rename the temporary ZIP file than to copy it from one disk drive to another. The FASTEST way to create your ZIP files is to do so from your largest disk drive. The -b option is used to locate the pre-ZIP file on an alternate drive location, when your disk space is limited. USE OF A RAM DISK WITH PKZIP PKZIP swaps information on and off disk memory as it runs. This process is NOT the same as the physical creation of the NEW ZIP file. The default drive for this program activity is the drive from which the program was executed. You can speed up performance as well as gain disk space by telling PKZIP which drive and/or subdirectory to use through a DOS environmental string. All routing can be directed to your RAM Disk by using the Set PKTMP command. C:>Set PKTMP=D: ---> where "D:" refers to the RAM disk LAN - LOCAL AREA NETWORK SUPPORT Both PKZIP and PKUNZIP, when opening files for read-only type access, will automatically open files in SHARE "deny write access" mode. This pertains to systems running with DOS 3.0 or above, so that files can be read concurrently by other tasks. PKZIP uses a unique filename for all temporary files created. This allows PKZIP to be run by concurrent programs or on a network drive without any file contention or conflict. PKWARE -55- CREATING A PRE-SELECTED LIST FILE This option is used to create List Files to record file selections you use frequently. These List Files can then be typed on the command line instead of typing all the file names separately. List Files can be used with all the PKZIP and PKUNZIP command options. The procedure for creating List Files is somewhat easier with the new PKWARE programs. The following example illustrates the steps necessary for creating List Files. __________________________________________________ | | | CREATE A LIST FILE | | | | 1. Create the list using a word processor | | or text editor. | | | | 2. Type in the names of the files you | | select using any MS-DOS file notation. | | | | 3. Include the directory and path locations | | of the files in the list. | | | | 4. Save the List File under the name you | | choose. There is no default extension. | | | | List File Name Files Included | | | | Group letters.txt | | C:\LOTUS\*.* | | C:\DB\Monthly.* | | D:\*.WKS | |________________________________________________| When using a List File, it is preceded by the @ symbol on the command line. If the List File is not in the directory, the @ symbol is put before the PATH designation. Note: more than one list may be used on one command line. The List File can be mixed with other options, examples are shown below. C:>PKUNZIP -r NewFile.ZIP @Group C:>PKUNZIP AnyFile.ZIP Today.Txt @Group @Data C:>PKZIP -u MoreFile @Group @\LOTUS\Accounts C:>PKZIP -a OldFile *.Dbf @OldStuff PKWARE -56- USE OF PKWARE IN BATCH FILE PROCESSING When running PKZIP and PKUNZIP with other applications, you can test if the PKWARE experienced an error by using the DOS error level variable. PKZIP and PKUNZIP return zero error level if no errors have occurred. If an error has occurred, the software will return one of the following error codes: PKZIP: 0 No error. 1 Bad file name or file specification. 2,3 Error in ZIP file. 4-11 Insufficient Memory. 12 No files were found to add to the ZIP file, or no files were specified for deletion. 13 File not found. The specified ZIP file or list file was not found. 14 Disk full. 15 ZIP file is read-only and can not be modified. 16 Bad or illegal parameters specified. 17 Too many files. PKUNZIP: 0 No error. 1 Warning error (such as failed CRC check). 2,3 Error in ZIP file. 4-8 Insufficient Memory. 9 File not found. No ZIP files found. 10 Bad or illegal parameters specified. 11 No files found to extract/view etc. 50 Disk Full. 51 Unexpected EOF in ZIP file. NOTE: Please note that if testing errorlevels in a batch file that DOS tests the errorlevel not for equality, but for greater than or equal to. For example, if the software exits with an exit code of 10, errorlevel 10 will be true, and so will errorlevel 9, errorlevel 8, and so on. Therefore, Errorlevel 0 will always test as true. Therefore, errorlevels should be tested in descending order. PKWARE -57- For example: pkunzip stuff -d d:\temp if errorlevel 51 goto err51 if errorlevel 50 goto err50 if errorlevel 10 goto err10 if errorlevel 9 goto err9 if errorlevel 4 goto err4 if errorlevel 2 goto err2 if errorlevel 1 goto err1 echo No Error goto exit :err51 echo Unexpected EOF goto exit :err50 echo Disk Full goto exit . . THE CONFIGURATION FILE The Configuration file can be used to set parameters to values other than the normal default values. These values will then be the defaults for the specified parameters. You can override any parameters that are set in the Configuration file by entering contrary instructions on the command line. PKZIP 1.0 will look in the current directory for the Configuration file called PKZIP.CFG. If not found, then PKZIP will look for an environment variable of the form PKZIP.CFG=d:\path and will look in the specified path for PKZIP.CFG. This is a brief explanation of the configuration options for PKZIP 1.0 and their equivalent command line options. An asterisk (*) indicates that this is the default for PKZIP. PKWARE -58- The following parameters can be set in the Configuration file. CONFIGURATION COMMAND COMMAND LINE OPTION DEFAULT --------------------- ------------------- ------- ANSI = enabled -q = disabled -q- * ZIPDATE = latest -o = keep -k = current -k- -o- * INCLUDE = hidden -wh = system -ws EXCLUDE = hidden -WH * = system -WS * Note: These options can be combined. (For example: INCLUDE = hidden/system) MASK = readonly -jr = hidden -jh = system -js PASS = readonly -Jr * = hidden -Jh * = system -Js * Note: These options can be combined. (For example: MASK = hidden, system) VIEW = comments -vc = extension -ve = size -vs = date -vd = name -vn = ratio -vp = natural -vo * = reverse -vr = brief -vb = long -vl Note: Some of these options can be combined. The last three options, reverse, brief and long, can be combined with any of the above options. COMPRESS = size -ex * = speed -es PATHS = none -p- * all -P recurse -p RECURSE = on -r = off -r- * PKWARE -59- For some of the parameters, only one value can be specified. For example, ANSI can be either enabled or disabled. In other cases, more than one variable can be set per parameter. For example, INCLUDE can be set to either system and/or hidden files. The parameters can be typed in uppercase, lowercase, or a combination. When more than one variable can be set per parameter, the variables can be listed on the same line, separated by a comma (,), switch (/), or space. For example, when setting the MASK parameter to include all readonly, hidden and system files to be masked any of the following programming methods would be acceptable. MASK=readonly MASK=hidden MASK=system MASK=readonly, hidden, system MASK=readonly hidden system MASK=readonly/hidden/system MASK=readonly, hidden/system There are two environmental variables that can be set. These environmental strings can be typed in on the command line at the DOS prompt. Setting the path for the Configuration file. C:>SET PKZIP.CFG = C:\UTILS In this case, PKZIP.CFG is located in the \UTILS directory. Use the location of your choice. Setting a RAM disk. C:>SET PKTMP=D: This will speed up the program operation default by directing the mechanics of PKZIP to a RAM disk. This has nothing to do with the creation of the "new" archive file during the add or upgrade process. PKWARE -60- ERROR MESSAGES The following error messages may appear when using PKZIP. When the word 'WARNING' appears in the message, program execution will continue, otherwise, the program will abort to DOS. A brief explanation of each message follows. PKZIP: Can't open XXXX.ZIP for write access! The named ZIP file is read-only or locked by another application and can not be modified. PKZIP: No file(s) found. No matching files were found to list using the View option. PKZIP: Insufficient disk space for updated files: XXXX.ZIP. The -b option was used, and there is not enough space on the original drive containing the ZIP file to receive the updated ZIP file. Try to free up some space on the drive containing the ZIP file, and retry the operation. Also, make sure that the drive specified with the -b option is different than the drive containing the ZIP file. PKZIP: Insufficient disk space for ZIP comment. There is insufficient disk space to hold the comment as entered. PKZIP: Warning! Not enough memory for Shrinking method. The -es or -ea or -eb options were used to specify that certain files should be Shrunk. However, there is not enough memory available to perform Shrinking. Instead, all files will be Imploded. PKZIP: Warning! Can't delete XXXXX. The -m (Move) option was specified to delete files after the ZIP file was constructed. However, the named file could not be deleted, and is probably read-only. PKWARE -61- PKZIP: No files specified for deletion! The -d (Delete) option was specified, but no filenames were given to delete. This option does NOT default to *.* if no filenames are given. PKZIP: Nothing to do! No matching files, or files with the specified attributes, or files after the specified date etc., were found to compress. PKZIP: Insufficient memory. Insufficient memory is available to process the ZIP file. Try making more memory available to PKZIP. If this does not rectify the problem, then the ZIP file might be corrupted, and PKZIPFIX should be used to fix the ZIP file. PKZIP: XXXX.ZIP - error in ZIP, use PKZIPFIX. The named ZIP file has a corrupted file index. Use PKZIPFIX to reconstruct the ZIP file. PKZIP: Can't create: XXXX. The named file could not be created. Either the target directory is full or the file already exists and is read- only or locked by another application. PKZIP: Disk full, file: XXXX. A disk full error occurred while writing to the specified file. Try freeing up some disk space on the target drive. Also, see the -b option and the PKTMP environment variable. PKZIP: Can't find: XXXX.ZIP. The named ZIP file could not be found. PKZIP: Too many files. There are too many files to compress into one ZIP file. The limit is 3900 files per ZIP file. PKWARE -62- The following error messages may appear when using PKUNZIP. A brief explanation of each message follows. PKUNZIP: Warning! File XYZZY already exists. Overwrite (y/n)? The file XYZZY already exists on the disk. Pressing N will leave the original file on the disk, and not extract the file from the ZIP file. Pressing Y will extract the file from the ZIP file, and overwrite the file on the disk. Also, see the -o and -n options. PKUNZIP: Warning! I don't know how to handle: XYZZY. The file XYZZY is compressed or encoded in a way that this version of PKUNZIP is unable to handle. Either a later version of PKUNZIP is required to properly extract this file, or the ZIP file is possibly corrupted. PKUNZIP: Warning! Inconsistent local header for file: XYZZY. The local header for file XYZZY is different than the central header information. Use PKZIPFIX to reconstruct the ZIP file. PKUNZIP: Warning! File fails CRC check. The CRC-32 check for the file being extracted or tested did not match the stored value for the file. The file is probably corrupted. PKUNZIP: Warning! XXXX.ZIP has errors. The named ZIP file had one or more errors detected in it. PKUNZIP: Warning! File has bad table. The file being tested or extracted has an error in its encoding. The file is probably corrupt. PKUNZIP: Warning! No file(s) found. No files were found to extract, test, or list. PKWARE -63- PKUNZIP: Warning! XXX.ZIP - error in ZIP, use PKZIPFIX. The named ZIP file has a corrupted file index. Use PKZIPFIX to reconstruct the ZIP file. PKUNZIP: Warning! Insufficient memory. Insufficient memory is available to process the ZIP file. Try making more memory available to PKUNZIP. If this does not rectify the problem, then the ZIP file might be corrupted, and PKZIPFIX should be used to fix the ZIP file. PKUNZIP: Warning! Can't create: XXXXX. The named file could not be created. The output directory is either invalid or full. PKUNZIP: Can't find: XXXX.ZIP. The named ZIP file(s) could not be found. PKUNZIP: Can't open: XXXX The specified file list could not be opened. PKUNZIP: Warning! Can't open XXXX.ZIP The named file could not be opened. Either a disk error occurred, or the file is locked by another application. PKUNZIP: Disk full, file: XXXXX. There is not enough free room on the destination drive/directory for the file being extracted. The program will abort and exit to DOS. PKUNZIP: Incorrect password for file. The ZIP file is password protected, and cannot be opened unless the correct password is entered. The password entered is not the correct password. PKWARE -64- PKUNZIP: Skipping encrypted file. Only the files that are password will be skipped (not extracted) because they are password protected and the correct password was not entered. PKZIPFIX - RECONSTRUCTING ZIP FILES PKZIPFIX is a simple to use utility that takes advantage of the extra reliability of the ZIP file format to reconstruct truncated or damaged ZIP files. The ZIP file format was designed for high reliability, using 4-byte signatures for all file headers, and redundant distributed and centralized directory structures. PKZIPFIX, however, cannot create good data out of bad data! If a portion of a ZIP file has been corrupted, PKZIPFIX will allow recovery of the unaffected files. Depending on how badly damaged the ZIP file is, one or more files may still extract with errors. PKZIPFIX should be used when PKZIP or PKUNZIP indicates that a ZIP file is in error, or a ZIP file has become damaged. PKZIPFIX can also be used to extract the ZIP file portion from a PKSFX self-extracting file. ------------------------------------------------- | PKZIPFIX | | Reconstructing ZIP files | | | |Syntax: PKZIPFIX zipfile | | | | zipfile = The name of the ZIP file to be | | reconstructed. The .ZIP extension | | will be assumed by default. | | | | | | PKZIP fix will attempt to recover zipfile, | | and will create a file called PKFIXED.ZIP | | which contains the reconstructed ZIP file. | | | | | ------------------------------------------------- The file that is created by PKZIPFIX, PKFIXED.ZIP, can then be extracted or listed with PKUNZIP. IT is strongly recommended that you then use PKZIP to create a new ZIP file from the files that are extracted from PKFIXED.ZIP. PKWARE -65- | | | REGISTRATION AND BACKGROUND | | Technical Support | Other Background Information | Registration Information | Software License | | | | PKWARE -66- TECHNICAL SUPPORT If you have any further questions or comments about PKWARE File Compression programs, contact: Mail: PKWARE, Inc. 7545 North Port Washington Road Suite 205 Glendale, WI 53217 PKWARE Support BBS - avaliable 24 hours (414) 352-7176 Voice - 9am to 5pm CST: (414) 352-3670 Fax - (414) 352-3815 _______ ____|__ | (tm) --| | |------------------- | ____|__ | Association of | | |_| Shareware |__| o | Professionals -----| | |--------------------- |___|___| MEMBER REGISTRATION INFORMATION ______________________________________________________________ | | | REGISTRATION | | | | If you find PKPZIP, PKUNZIP, and PKSFX fast, easy, and con-| | venient to use, a partial registration of $25 would be | | appreciated. | | | | If you send $47 or more, you will receive, when available, | | a diskette and manual for the next version of the software.| | | | Please state the current version number of the software | | you are presently using. Send check or money order to: | | | | PKWARE, Inc. | | 7545 North Port Washington Road | | Suite 205 | | Glendale, WI 53217-3422 | |____________________________________________________________| PKWARE -67- SOFTWARE LICENSE PKZIP (tm) FAST! Create/Update Utility PKUNZIP (tm) FAST! Extract Utility PKSFX (R) FAST! Self-Extract Utility Copyright 1989 PKWARE Inc. All Rights Reserved PKSFX Registered U.S. Patent and Trademark Office You are free to use, copy and distribute PKZIP, PKUNZIP, and PKSFX for NONCOMMERCIAL use if: No fee is charged for use, copying or distribution. It is not modified in any way. Clubs and user groups may charge a nominal fee not to exceed ($10) for expenses and handling while distributing PKZIP, PKUNZIP, and PKSFX. Site licenses and commercial licenses for PKZIP, PKUNZIP, and PKSFX are available. Consult the file ORDER.DOC for more information, or contact PKWARE for more information. PKWARE hereby disclaims all warranties relating to this software, whether express or implied, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. PKWARE will not be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or similar damages due to loss of data or any other reason, even if PKWARE or an agent of PKWARE has been advised of the possibility of such damages. In no event shall PKWARE's liability for any damages ever exceed the price paid for the license to use software, regardless of the form of the claim. The person using the software bears all risk as to the quality and performance of the software. PKWARE -68-